Guidelines Of Finance And General Purposes Committee Essay

Terminology 1. Director This is the manager or the head of school. 2. Audit and Risk Committee This is a sub-committee of council that is independent of executive responsibility and advises the council on issues related to internal and external audit, financial control, management of risk and the adequacy of the systems on internal controls. 3. Budget Holder Members of staff other than the Head of Academic Department or the Head of Professional Service or the Director of Finance who have been assigned a budget and is accountable to a Pro-Director or the Director of Finance. 4. Director of Finance This is the chief financial officer of the school, who is accountable to the Pro-Director for Strategy and Organization. 5. The Finance and General Purposes Committee (FGPC) This is a sub-committee of the school’s Council. It is independent of executive responsibility and it is responsible for advising the Council on budgetary controls, corporate governance, including regulations and financial sustainability. 6. The council The Council is responsible for the management and administration of the Institution. Its financial responsibilities include: ensuring the institution’s assets are safe, approving the corporate plans, ensuring solvency of the institution, ensuring that funds received from outside sources are used in accordance with the terms and conditions specified in the Institute’s financial memoranda with those funding bodies; appointing the institution’s internal andShow MoreRelatedPlanning Objectives And Objectives Of An Organization Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pagespolicies of the institution. Every member of the institution is required to adhere to all the outlined guidelines and policies, while conducting the institution’s business activities or financial management. It is compulsory for everyone to comply with these regulations, failure to which one may face disciplinary actions and/or dismissal. Terminology 1. Audit and Risk Committee This is a sub-committee of council that is independent of executive responsibility and advises the council on issues relatedRead MoreFinancial Audit Report On The Decision Making Process855 Words   |  4 Pagesblame game and it gives individuals who had direct involvement with directing or analyzing government finance an opportunity to address the role that they might’ve played in the decision making process. According to the Annual Financial Audit report, a successful financial audit report should discuss all comments that were included in the audit report with management and each member of an audit committee charged with governance. In addition, the auditor shall notify each member of the local government’sRead MoreHonorarium to Government Personnel1643 Words   |  7 Pagesstates that, â€Å"The procuring entity may grant payment of honoraria to the BAC members in an amount not to exceed twenty five percent (25%) of their respective basic monthly salary subject to availability of funds. For this purpose, the DBM shall promulgate the necessary guidelines. The procuring entity may also grant payment of honoraria to the BAC Secretariat and the TWG members, subject to the relevant rules of the DBM.† Definition of Honorarium An honorarium is a form of compensation granted toRead MoreRisk Of Going Public Company1597 Words   |  7 PagesMESL’s future earnings which will decrease the value of its share prices and demand as discussed before. Hence, it can be argued that given the priority of generating prompt growth in a relatively short amount of time, it may not be advisable to finance the company through the IPO at this moment as MESL will face associated risks overseas. MESL may be able to meet shareholders’ expectation of growth in the short-term however it may affect the company’s ability to produce sustainable growth in theRead MoreReforms For Stricter Campaign Financing Rules1657 Words   |  7 Pages Individuals and PACs in finance, insurance, and real estate have contributed over $2 billion to federal campaigns since 1990. Wall Street contributions increased from $60 million in 1990 to $311 million in 2005 (Wall online). Electoral competition is achieved when qualified candi dates have access to sufficient spending to become known to the voters (Does online). Therefore the candidate must resort to any means necessary to have sufficient funds to run a successful campaign. Stricter campaignRead MoreNeed For Money Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesduplicitous effort of earning influence over votes from policy makers. The large price tag on elections deters substantial reform from taking place, and the issue is likely to persist for many years unless major legislation is passed. Campaigns and Finance: The Need for Money Election cycles in the United States are among some of the longest in the world. The caucus system encourages those running for office to being their campaign long before any votes are actually cast. The prolonging of AmericanRead MoreThe Ministry Of Education : Finance And State Incorporated Schools Essay711 Words   |  3 PagesProject Background The Ministry of Education gives finance preparing administrations to around 110,000 educators and bolster staff utilized in state and state-incorporated schools in New Zealand. In 2003, Cabinet consented to the Ministry s proposition to update its maturing finance framework. Taking after a broadened time of advancement, the substitution framework, Novopay, went live on 20 August 2012. At the point when the first pay round kept running on 5 September 2012, around 5,000 staff wereRead Moreplan financial management approaches Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesin the domestic Australian market. The senior management structure of the company appears below. Person Position Michelle Yeo CEO Tom Copeland Managing Director John Black CFO Stuart LaRoux Operations General Manager Pat Roberts Senior Accountant Sam Gellar Sales General Manager Charles Pierce Production Manager Holly Burke HR Manager According to company strategic plans, the company aims to achieve a net profit before tax of $1,000,000. The chief risks to this goal are: poorRead MoreExplaining Basic Accounting Concepts And Business Structures853 Words   |  4 Pagessources of generally accepted accounting principles. Identify source hierarchy and explain why the hierarchy is important. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), are guidelines that allow each accountant supervision upon financial reporting. It stimulates a cohesive environment to comprehend all aspects of finances in various business. The standard that FASB has worked identifies the sources of accounting principles and the blueprint for choosing which principle to use in the preparationRead MoreWhy The Consumer Of Insurance Services Should Not Be Provided A Wider Choice1566 Words   |  7 Pagessector raised several important issues regarding the insurance industry, including: (a) A majority of areas previously reserved for public sector have been thrown open to private sector to strengthen the forces of competition. In contrast, life and general insurance companies remain state monopolies. The question arises as to why the consumer of insurance services should not be provided a wider choice so that he can get the benefits of competition in terms of a wide range of insurance products, lower

Family Law Free Essays

Family Law Essay Introduction * As societies become more diverse and complex; the law needs to reflect these changing social values in order to remain just. * State something relating to given question. * State thesis: Thus, family law is very effective/only effective to an extent in †¦ * This is due to the success of law reforms that effectively address †¦ * However, this effectiveness is hindered by the limited changes made to include same-sex marriage within current legislation. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Effective] Divorce Divorce is the legal dissolution of a marriage. The Australian family law system has implemented significant law reforms that redress the matter of divorce in accordance to changing societal values. * Prior to 1974, divorces applied under the Matrimonial Causes Act 1959 were on the ground of ‘fault’, which included 14 grounds such as infidelity, cruelty and desertion; whereby one or both spouses had to admit to their wrongdoing that undermined their divorce. Such submissions for divorce were perceived as socially immoral and thus those who took these actions were negatively judged by the community. * However, in 1975, a major reform to family law occurred whereby the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) was passed and introduced ‘no fault’ divorce, where the only ground was ‘irretrievable breakdown’, which allowed couples to divorce after separation. * This idea of a 12 month separation period with the intention to divorce was established in the Tye v Tye case. Ultimately, the reform increased the accessibility of divorce and reduced the stigma attached with it. This fundamental change to divorce law was clearly a reaction to changing social values, where society has accepted that people should not be left trapped in an unhappy marriage, reinforcing the basic right to live in freedom. [Effective] Domestic violence Domestic violence has been recognised as an ongoing social issue and community-wide problem, rather than just a ‘private matter’. Hence legislative reforms have effectively reflected these changing attitudes in he community through introduc ing further protection for victims of domestic violence as a means of improving previous legislation. * In the 1800s, domestic violence against women was acceptable as they were under ownership of men. * Over time the legal system has overcome these injustices in order to reflect the importance of individual’s rights, through the introduction of the Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 (NSW) which amended the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) as it provided extensive protection children and adults victims of domestic violence. Such protection predominately include Apprehended Domestic Violence Orders (ADVOs) which are an effective means in reducing the incidence of domestic violence as they are a quick, inexpensive and accessible form of protection which is supported by full weight of the criminal law if breached. * The effectiveness of ADVOs is highlighted in the article, â€Å"Girl died of starvation, neglect: doctor† (21/05/09, SMH) as this legal instrument had protected the lives of two children from suffering the same neglect as their deceased sister, at the hands of their parents. [Ineffective] Recognition of same-sex relationships As society diversifies, there is an increasing acceptance of same-sex relationships; which, however is not accurately reflected within the family legislation. * Initially, there have been progressive improvements to family law including the introduction of the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act in 1999 which changed the definition of de facto relationships to non-gender specific and the Same-sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws – General Law reform) Act 2008 removed discrimination in areas such as tax, superannuation, child support and social security. However, in 2004, the Commonwealth Government reaffirmed the traditional concept of marriage in the Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) as the union of man and woman, which automatically forces same-sex marriage to be void in Australia. * The exclusion of same-sex marriage within family law demonstrates that there are still changes needed to be made in order to meet the injustices of current law. This demand for change is evident in the media article â€Å"Gay marriage advocates rally around nation† (12/05/12, AAP) which reports thousands of peaceful protestors across Australia rallied in support of same-sex marriage. From this article, it shows the family law’s lack of improvements from previous laws that similarly failed to meet the values of society as communities are force to take extreme measures just to voice their basic right. Therefore, the exclusion of same-sex marriages in family law deems it as highly ineffective in improving previous laws as it indicates the lack of initiative made to meet changing social values. How to cite Family Law, Essays

500 Words free essay sample

Once the student has an introduction and body he finds himself falling short of the 500 word requirement. He builds upon the ideas hes already stated and throws in a weak conclusion†¦ and in Roberts words, when you retype it, you can make the margins a little wider. I dont find this scenario to be exaggerated. Poor time management combined with little to no interest in the subject matter will result in poor writing. Ive found myself pushing the spacing between the title and body of the essay, double spacing my headers, and cutting out spacing on the bottom of the page in order to meet an essays page length requirement. I have yet to fool an instructor that cares and have been graded appropriately for my uncouth attempts. 3. The paper deserves nothing higher than a D considering it is a college level English course, the student didnt really try, the student may have produced good work in the past (this paper is crap in comparison), and that the instructor may have been in a terrible mood while reaching for the bottom of a stack of papers reeking of redundancy. We will write a custom essay sample on 500 Words or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 4. Roberts ability to hold the readers attention goes back to the first question: How does this authors opening draw us in? It is because it is relatable. My instructors, my peers, and I have all gone through what is described throughout this entire essay at least once through our education. 5. The author addresses the concern of of using a cliched argument that you truly believe on page 3. Roberts says, Naturally personal convictions will sometimes dictate your approach. If the assigned subject is Is Methodism Rewarding to the Individual? and you are a pious Methodist, you have really no choice. He would also say that you should try to make the writing as interesting as possible. Look to the rest of his suggestions; avoid unnecessary padding, be straightforward, use words and language that will paint a picture of your convictions in your readers minds, and provide vivid specific examples. 6. Taking the less usual side of a topic for the sake of argument is not an issue of ethics as long is it is only for the sake of argument. Debate teams do not get to choose the side they will defend yet their personal ethics are not compromised. 7. The questions at the beginning of paragraph seven are intended to make you think. If you are to approach and write about a subject that is dull without thinking about it then your writing will remain as dull as the subject. If you are to think of a different angle of attack then you may come across something new that intrigues others. 8. An English instructor may suggest rewriting the sentence as follows: My socks creep up my ankles whenever I hear Gerber Sprinklittle play Mississippi Man. 9. The sentence in paragraph twenty-five could be reworded to offer better sentence structure. Roberts justification for the error may be that it is there to emphasize his point. It is meant to be read as if was written by a dopey and fuzzy-minded beyond the average college student. 10. The assumption here is that composing a 500 word essay that isnt glued together with filler words and recurring thoughts is a daunting task for students†¦ that we are all fools. I prefer Roberts wording because there is humor in it and it shouldnt be taken seriously. If I were to dumb it down and rewrite as if it were to appear in a modern textbook it may look something like this, The 500 word essay remains prominent within the college level English instructors curriculum. Reaching the word count

The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber free essay sample

I focused on the question, what made his life short and happy. At first I took the interpretation of short and happy literally, translating too, living a short life (age) and happy meaning (wealth). After some thought though I realize that Hemingway meant something entirely different. Francis Macomber in the beginning of the short story is a â€Å"coward† causing his wife to loath him, and even the staff to judge and question his manhood. Finally Francis overcomes his cowardly behavior and finally â€Å"lives. â€Å"You know I don’t think I’d ever be afraid of anything again†¦Something happened in me after we first saw the buff and started after him. Like a dam bursting. It was pure excitement. † It is at this moment that I think Francis begins to live life, while simultaneously become happy as he has just overcome his cowardliness. Moments later his wife (accidently? ) shoots him†¦ Whether or not it was an accident is up for discussion, but tha t is what I think Hemingway meant when he titled his short story, â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. We will write a custom essay sample on The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Now†¦ Did his wife kill him on purpose or was it actually an accident. This kind of confused me because I feel like I can argue both sides, however, I feel like the stronger argument is her intentionally killing her husband for the reasons below†¦ She could of intentionally done it because of her attitude and actions prior to killing him. First off she was giving him crap about being a coward, and on top of that, I think she also slept with Wilson since unlike her husband he is not a coward. This was never actually stated but that’s how I inferred it. Also, moments before the gunshot, Macomber at one point looks back at her and waves, she, with the rifle besides her does not wave back. Even though love is a missing component in their relationship, she would of waved back if she was feeling in control of the situation but now that Macomber is fearless he has control. I think she feels bitter and needs to retaliate because of this, thus why she pulls the trigger and â€Å"accidently† shoots him. Wilson in the end also says, â€Å"He would of left you too,† so maybe she also did it, because she, like Wilson also knew that.

How to Find Enumeration District Maps

How to Find Enumeration District Maps An enumeration district (ED) is a geographic area assigned to an individual census taker, or enumerator, usually representing a specific portion of a city or county. The coverage area of a single enumeration district, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, is the area for which an enumerator could complete a count of the population within the allotted time for that particular census year. The size of an ED can range from a single city block (occasionally even a portion of a block if it is located within a large city packed with high-rise apartment buildings) to an entire county in sparsely populated rural areas. Each enumeration district designated for a particular census was assigned a number. For more recently released censuses, such as 1930 and 1940, each county within a state was assigned a number and then a smaller ED area within the county was assigned a second number, with the two numbers joined with a hyphen. In 1940, John Robert Marsh and his wife, Margaret Mitchell, famous author of Gone With the Wind, were living in a condo at 1 South Prado (1268 Piedmont Ave) in Atlanta, Georgia. Their 1940 Enumeration District (ED) is 160–196, with 160 representing the City of Atlanta, and 196 designating the individual ED within the city designated by the cross streets of S. Prado and Piedmont Ave. What Is an Enumerator? An enumerator, commonly called a census taker, is an individual temporarily employed by the U.S. Census Bureau to collect census information by going house to house in their assigned enumeration district. Enumerators are paid for their work and provided with detailed instructions on how and when to gather the information about each individual living within their assigned enumeration district(s) for a particular census. For the 1940 Census enumeration, each enumerator had either 2 weeks or 30 days to obtain information from each individual within their enumeration district. Using Enumeration Districts for Genealogy Now that US census records are indexed and available online, Enumeration Districts arent as important to genealogists as they once were. They can still be helpful, however, in certain situations. When you cant locate an individual in the index, then browse page-by-page through the records of the ED where you expect your relatives to be living. Enumeration District maps are also helpful for determining the order that an enumerator may have worked his way through his particular district, helping you to visualize the neighborhood and identify neighbors. How to Locate an Enumeration District To identify an individuals enumeration district, we need to know where they were living at the time the census was taken, including the state, city and street name. The street number is also very helpful in larger cities. With this information, the following tools can help to locate the Enumeration District for each census: Stephen P. Morse’s One-Step Tools website includes ED Finder tools for the 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, and 1940 U.S. federal censuses.Morse’s One-Step site also offers an ED conversion tool for converting between 1920 and 1930, and 1930 and 1940 Censuses.The National Archives has online ED maps and geographic descriptions for the 1940 census. Descriptions of Census Enumeration Districts 1830–1890 and 1910–1950 can be found on the 156 rolls of NARA microfilm publication T1224. Enumeration District maps for 1900–1940 are available on the 73 rolls of NARA microfilm publication A3378. The Family History Library also has Enumeration District maps and descriptions on FHL microfilm.

Analysis Of Sweat By Zora Neale Hurston English Literature Essay

Analysis Of Sweat By Zora Neale Hurston English Literature Essay All through literature and stories, words and characters will always represent different meanings and symbols. Readers will continue to venture deeper and deeper into the meanings of the words a writer puts on paper. The writer of the story may not even have a deeper meaning to the writing but we as humans have a need to explore. The short story known as â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston may also be one of those types of stories. The short English literature story â€Å"Sweat,† written by Zora Neale Hurston, shows Sykes as the husband of the leading character Delia in the story. During the story it seems as though Sykes gets easily upset and angered at his wife Delia.  Ã‚  Sykes takes his frustration out on Delia all throughout the story by hurting her physically, cheating with another woman, and teasing her with one of her biggest frights, which are snakes.  Ã‚  Even though Sykes’ behavior should not be accepted or followed, he possibly could show signs of a mental problem that is not fully addressed or dug into during the story. Sykes may also feel threatened because Delia is the sole provider of the house. He wants to feel as if he still has the â€Å"man† power and control over the marriage. More often than once he tries to take Delia and make her feel lesser to him as he feels it should be.    During this time many women may have backed down after being yelled at or threatened by their husbands but Delia did not back down however. She took a stand against Sykes by saying to him,†Mah tub of suds is filled yo’ belly with vittles more than yo’ hands is filled it.  Ã‚  Mah sweat is done paid for this house and Ah reckon Ah kin keep on sweatin’ in it† (Hurston 408). In the story the reader can almost tell and feel that Sykes also does not want to be reminded that he was unsuccessful in making a complete family or the fact that he has failed to take care and provide for his family. Betty Nosa m writes in the book, â€Å"Sweat, Looking for a Man`s place†, â€Å"In Sweat, the husband named Sykes is frequently exposed to his let down and failures to provide for his family, his wife by her recurring talks of ‘her’ carriage, pony, other physical items† (Nosam 66).   Hollering, screaming and yelling all seem to fail, which will make Sykes feel the need to resort to other means of making Delia listen, violence.  Ã‚  All Through the story Sykes will be threatening Delia and informing her that he will hit her physically in one way or another. Author of the book,  forming a Straight punch with a curved fist, Loren Bruckheimer, will explain how, â€Å"Zora Neale Hurston uses descriptions of the whip to propose a people of manliness expressed in an over powering nature and deeply seeded in ethnic tyranny† (Bruckheimer 44).  Ã‚  This would imply that Sykes hits Delia only because the only way of manliness that he has known is the kind that th e white townsmen seem to portray.

EMAS Advantages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EMAS Advantages - Essay Example The System depth gradually increases as the airplane travels into the arrestor crib, providing increasing deceleration when needed by faster or heavier aircraft. Aircraft run out distance gets determined by the airplane bed configuration size, weight and speed (Richard de Neufville, 2003). At most commercial airfields, the RSA remains 500 feet wide extending 1000ft beyond each runway end. The FAA has this requisite in an event that an airplane of the overruns, undershoots, or swings off the sides of the runway (Richard de Neufville, 2003). The greatest danger of these incidents remain overruns, but since many airdromes got built before the 1000ft RSA length got adopted 20 years ago, the range beyond the runway end remains where many airdromes cannot achieve the full RSA standard. This is due to complications such as water bodies, highways, railroads and severe drop-off of terrain or populated areas (Richard de Neufville, 2003). The FAA devours a high - priority program of enhancing safety by advancement of the RSA at commercial airports and provides federal aid to support those advancements. However, it still can not be feasible for some airports to attain the RSA standard. The FAA, perceptive that it would be hard to achieve a RSA standard at every airport, began steering research in the end of 20th century to determine how to guarantee maximum safety at airdromes where the full RSA may not be obtained. Working in performance with the Dayton University, the New York Port Authority and the ESCO (Engineered Arresting Systems Corporation) the new technology developed to provide an additional measure of safety (Richard de Neufville, 2003). This system remains a cost - effective approach of improving safety where the runway safety area distance stays limited by site circumstances. The range of airplane operating at each airfield and available overrun distance in each runway gets

Managing information centre in health sector Essay

Managing information centre in health sector - Essay Example The comparison of information management in the health sector as compared to any other organization leads us to notice that apart from the very ‘importance’ of information management and the urgent ‘need’ of it in the health sector it works pretty much in the same way. The health sector competes within itself with various institutions just like any other organizations, the aim is to increase the efficiency or to increase the value of the work done at a lesser cost, and most of it is a duplicate of what other organizations employ. But what is different is the mass sharing of information in a productive manner in order to improve social health overall and speed up the diagnosis to treatment ratio. While other organizations mostly share a major part of their information within itself out of competition, the health sector doesn’t. All of its focus is on the treatment of the patients and of course, the revenue generated regardless of which medical organiza tions do not hold back crucial information. What currently the information management centers are focusing upon is termed as a paradigm shift which may be elaborated by saying that the main effort is upon providing better quality at a relatively lower cost. A specialist in this particular area, Joel Barker (1992) states about paradigm that it is: A set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things; (1) it establishes and defines boundaries; and (2) it tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to be successful.

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mockingbird Essay In a small town deep south in Alabama, two children reside in a house with their father Atticus. Maycomb was this town’s name, and within Maycomb lived the nastiest, most psychotic, recluse to have ever live, and it just so happens that this monster of a man is the neighbor of the two young children, at least this is how â€Å"Boo† Radley is perceived to be in To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee. â€Å"Jem† Jeremy Atticus Finch and â€Å"Scout† Jean Louise Finch, the two children, one four years younger than the other, the youngest being Scout, find themselves bound by curiosity to rip â€Å"Boo† Arthur Radley from his protective house. This is when the relationship of Boo Radley and the Finch children begin, but the relationship between Boo and the children change through the course of the novel. At first, the children both believe that Boo is a terrible monster and a prisoner within his own home. They, along with the entire town of Maycomb, believe he is a psychotic anger-filled maniac. The town even came up with rumors about him saying he stabbed his own father with scissors. The obsession with â€Å"Boo† begins when a young boy named Dill moves in with his Aunt who lives by Jem and Scout. Dill meets Jem and Scout resulting in Dill’s curiosity of meeting Boo Radley. That summer began the race to finally see Boo. At this time in the book the children describe Boo as a rodent-eating, drooling, ugly, tall, monster, hence the name â€Å"Boo†. They believed that everything about Boo and his house is haunted and would kill you. The children come up with different schemes to get Boo out of the house, but they all seem to fail. They continue to think of Boo this way until Boo starts to actually interact with the children. The transition of how Jem and Scout view Boo seems to happens quite rapidly, but actually takes a while for the children to realize Boo’s true personality. As Boo begins to leave gifts in the hole of a tree near the Radley house for them the children, starting with Jem, begin to think differently. He leaves gum, pennies, an old pocket watch, and more things he has to the children. It is then figured out that Boo is the one who put a blanket around Scout during the fire that occurred at Miss Maudies house. Th night was cold and that caring act seemed to give Boo a different sense of who he is to the children. The children are beginning to realize that maybe Boo isnt so bad. During Tom Robinson’s trial, an African-American man who is convicted of rape, it is said by Jem,â€Å"Scout, I think Im beginning to understand why Boo Radleys stayed shut up in the house all this time its because he wants to stay inside. Seeing the prejudice and racism that Tom suffered in his case makes the kids understand why Boo may have wanted to decide to stay in his house all these years. The kids come to see Boo as a real person when he saves them from Bob Ewell, the man who attempts to kill the children in revenge, and not the monster he was first portrayed as. Scout then treats him as she would any neighbor would. As Atticus said, â€Å"You never really know a man until you stand in his shoes and walk around in them†. She now understands that Boo had been watching her and Jem the whole time, and that he was a true neighbor and was watching over them when they needed him. He was just a shy man who was very caring towards the children. Though she never sees Boo again after that night, Scout still thinks of him, as we can tell by her older selfs voice in this story. In this, the children’s maturity has definitely developed and it is evident in their relationship. By the end of the novel, they meet Boo and he is almost childlike in his mind due to lack of human contact over the past years, this may makes him almost closer to the children as he has a similar mental capacity. When they meet and Boo is about to leave to go back home he asks Scout if she could walk him home. This just goes to show how innocent and childlike Boo is. That he wants someone to walk him home as if he was scared to do so alone. Boo Radley and the children’s relationship had evolved from the beginning of the book to the end very dramatically from Boo being a monster to now his being a neighbor and a friend.

Global Warming is Real Essay example -- Environment Environmentalism

Imagine the world in fifty to one hundred years. Because of global warming, it might not be the world most people would think. Many scientists and environmentalists talk on ways reverse global warming. Global warming causes the polar ice caps to melt, record high temperatures, and many other things. Global warming is starting to change the world in actuality, but humanity has no one but themselves to blame, as there are many ways to fight global warming in which benefit not only the environment, but the individual that helped support the cause. In some parts of the world, there are already signs of climate change altering the way people live and the world itself. One big example of this happening is that temperatures have dramatically changed in the last one hundred-twenty years, since the Industrial Revolution. Some people (especially government personnel) may deny this, but the polar ice caps are melting. No denying it, the Arctic and Antarctic ice packs are melting. Proof of this is in one of CNN?s articles from ?Planet in Peril?. Two years ago, Explorer Dennis Schmitt fo...

The Importance Through The Theories Of Critical Thinking Education Essay

As the consequence of the great advancement in scientific discipline particularly, the pure and applied scientific discipline and modern engineering, there is necessity to learn the accomplishments of critical thought in our schools so, the research will discourse the definition, the importance through the theories of critical thought. I will seek to speak about to what extent the hinderances of using the accomplishments of critical thought in Egypt and how to get the better of these jobs. The research will offer how can we appreciate the value of critical thought and how can we use some accomplishments to do usage of its benefits. Critical thought means the ability of favoritism between premises and generalisations or between facts and claims or revised and unrevised cognition.Critical thought forms the mental procedures and the schemes and the represents which people use in work outing jobs and in doing determination and larning new constructs. Critical thought is the ability to measure the cogency, value and pureness of things that may be information or mathematical amount ; this means critical thought is really accurate and nonsubjective. In other words it is the ability to give judgement merely in instance of finishing groundss, besides it is measuring harmonizing to exact standards. It is a mental procedure which includes a group of believing accomplishments that can be used separately or corporate. There are some accomplishments that can be as indexs for critical thought for illustration, favoritism between facts which can be proved and doing certain of its cogency and ego premises. The ability to distin guish between information and causes which related or do non related to the affair.Identifying the cogency the cognition beginning. Recognize the premise and enigmas statements.Identifying the premises which are unseeable or that are involved in the text. Investigating the prejudice or the bias.Realizing the logic fallacies.Realising the contrast or incompatibility in the logical thinking procedure.Identifying the power of cogent evidence and the claim. The critical thought has become really necessary for fixing citizens who will confront a batch of challenges next ages. Sometimes some people see the critical thought in instruction non of import. They can non understand that the pure and applied scientific disciplines for the people in recent universe gift and necessitate critical thought. It is really of import for the instructors to recognize this fact and they should make their best to learn it for the students from their early ages.There is a strong relationship between the justice on the instructors and if they have the quality of critical thought. It is required these yearss to increase the accomplishments of crititical thought for the instructors during their preparing in establishments and university. To grantee the improving of educational results, it is really of import for the instructors to utilize the theoretical accounts of divergent believing during their lessons to take their students to believe critically.To my head , I think the instructors who use the manners of divergent thought is better than those who use the theoretical accounts of coverage and retrieving in their instruction.In educational procedure when the address of the instructors including higher cognitive procedures, the students, public presentation will be better in the trials of critical believing.The critical thought happens when the students form the significance, they will hold to explicate, analyse and treat the information towards the jobs so, the individual should capture the undermentioned qualities to get the accomplishments of critical thought for illustration, the accomplishments of concentration, roll uping informations, memory, forming, analysis, production and the integrating. Teaching the accomplishments of critical thought in course of study help the students to take part strongly in the procedures of analysis and doing premises and the activities of work outing jobs. The accomplishment of critical thought involve s seven abilities, they are, Mathematical, Verbal, Spatial, Kinetic, Musical, intrapersonal and societal. Critical thought means the ability to reflect judgement about what to believe. It is good believing about the antonym of unlogical ; irrational thought. Critical thought is a portion of originative thought. Peoples who think critically are normally in demand to show about their observation, experience, verbal or written looks or statements. They have ability to believe clearly and rationally. It is a sort of independence in believing which leads to work out jobs. It is non necessary for students who think critically to hold good memories and know tonss of facts are good at critical believing.Critical minds are able to infer effects through what they know and they are able to use and do use the different information to work out jobs and to seek relevant beginnings of information to inform themselves. As I mentioned before the accomplishment of critical thought demands stimulation and motive to promote students to believe critically-to my mind-that can be achieved through good course of studies, fit environment inside and outside school, adept instructors, modern engineering in instruction, doing usage of theories and educational researches and valuable methodological analysis.Let ‘s analyze these elements of success through the educational procedure in Schools in Egypt and how we can use the accomplishments of critical thought in our schools but foremost there is an of import inquiry, what are the hinderances that block the accomplishments of critical thought in our schools. First of all there are two ways of instruction that are applied in our schools the first 1 is what to believe, the 2nd 1 is how to believe so, the instructors who teach pupils what to believe they -in this way-stop the accomplishment of critical thought because they merely trade with the first mental ability that is aa‚ ¬ † harmonizing to Bloom ‘s Taxonomy-knowledge, in other words they merely cover with the accomplishments of memory and memorizing. Students in this manner are deprived from the high order undertakings that can take them to higher abilities in Bloom ‘s Taxonomy such as, comprehension, application, analysis and synthesis. These last phases of thought can take students to believe critically that is because the purposes, activities, exercisings and Methods that can take to construing, depicting, forming, application, analysis will take to believe critically so work outing jobs eventually creativeness that is our award. We need to set up a sort of independence in believing which lead to work out jobs. There is a fact that is non necessary for students who think critically to hold a good memories and cognize a batch of facts are good minds and this is good index for the instructors to assist most pupils to believe in a critic manner because critical minds are able to infer effects through what they know and they are able to use and do usage of information to work out jobs and to seek the relevant beginnings of information to inform themselves. One of the most hard jobs that challenge using accomplishments of critical thought in Egypt that is the great attending in educational procedure centered around the concluding trials and how all the responsible in instruction system even parents prepare for the concluding tests about since the first twenty-four hours of school or before the get downing the school twelvemonth.The merely standards of the success is merely Markss and tonss in the concluding tests even the judgement of intelligence and the gifted by the consequence of the tests. Imagine that the most attempts how to retrieve exact information to reply merely in the test as the consequence the information may be evaporated easly.Although the trials are really of import as they reflect and evaluate the public presentation in educational procedure, there are besides other activities that can better students, believing accomplishments. As a remark for this point instructors can use inquiries that enable students to believe. For illustration in Science, it is non necessary for the students to state the same stairss for particular experiment they may be asked if they can make it in another manner and that is I meant- by stating before, – what to believe aa‚ ¬ † how to believe, in this manner pupils will habituate to the peculiar types of inquiries that can take to believe critically. Another of import point that may steal opportunities the accomplishments of critical thought that is the time- the period -of the lesson. If there is no adequate clip to give students infinites to believe, it will be difficult to cover with complex mental processes accordingly, the students may non bring forth different critical thoughts.Although there are sufficient instructors and superb pupils in Egypt, forming the clip and its limited impose either instructors and pupils concentrate merely on basic cognition in course of study so, the Ministry Of Education in Egypt has taken some determinations to better different accomplishments for illustration, constructing particular categories for who are gifted, increasing topics, extra trials, different competions, higher Markss for the pupils who have ability to believe good, different exhibitions for pupils who can present new thoughts, nines for sience, awards, flushing categories and jubilations for who progressed. As these antic stair ss for promoting students to make their best, there is a shade is called concluding test that can interrupt old attempts for illustration, a batch of pupils who portion in some extra activities sometimes they do non go on because they feel that they will lose their lessons, they and their parents think their extra reading may blow clip they must salvage for the test. Although the Ministry Of Education launched a batch of educational channels working twenty four hours besides a batch of web sites on the cyberspace, in Egypt there nil can replace the instructors, accounts. One of the most of import things that can develop creativeness and the accomplishments of critical Thinking is the course of studies. If the course of studies are designed to show critical and recent instances and applied fit conditions for good affairs that will assist pupils to believe in critic manner. In Egypt now there is a great spring in planing course of studies, they have become more stronger than the past, particularly the authorities provided schools with different modern engineering for case, there are a batch of computing machines, labs, Media suites and different educational devices all these tech. to function course of studies but the job that can blockade critical thought although the course of studies give opportunities to scope pupils ‘ head, most pupils barely to read another sorts of books except school books that is because most of them study two periods a twenty-four hours about from eight Os, clock in the forenoon to seven in the eventide may more than this so, there is no adequate clip to read more.I think the period of semesters are excessively long for the students to experience aroused for reading.To solve this job, there is an exciting plan in Egypt is called reading for all this plan is held each twelvemonth in summer and there are books in all Fieldss of cognition, the books sometimes free or in really inexpensive monetary values but the kids prefer to bask providing and merriment because they have merely small clip to play and hold merriment. Another serious instance the velocity development in engineering affected on two ways, the first 1 is the pupils sit in forepart of computing machines and use the different sets to play, chew the fating, listening to music and watching films for a long clip though the utilizing of these engineering is really good to develop the accomplishments of believing by and large, it can besides blockade their surveies. The 2nd consequence is for parents to acquire these engineerings, it is much cost that leads them to work more than usual consequently parents remain long clip outside houses so, kids miss of import beginning of information that lead them sometimes to depend on their bound experience in their survey or inquire person else who may be useless. In this manner most students can non better their critical side. One of exciting factors that can blockade creativeness in instruction is poverty, there are a batch of gifted and intelligent students have to work or make non complete their surveies because of money, these students might hold been great people in the hereafter if they had completed their surveies.Malnutrition is playing a function in lessen the ability of believing.Pollution besides affects negatively on thinking-scientists said that-heavy and poison constituents that resulted in pollution surround the encephalon and organize a bed that causes a sort of mental disability.Niosy plays a function in dispersion thought, the schools and houses that are located in crowded topographic points suffer from noisy and the students can non concentrate good. Teachers and parents must aware of the importance of critical thought and they must recognize why they have to promote the critical thought and what the grounds that can do them make their best to get the better of the old jobs. Critical thought is of import in widening the statements in different instances, to bring forth the students thoughts.Critical thought enables students to work hand in glove particularly in concluding and constructive undertakings. It helps students to get cognition, better their ain apprehension. It enhances educational procedures. It helps in work outing jobs. It is really of import in the new cognition. It enables students to cover with alterations rapidly and efficaciously. It makes students, are flexible. It acquires students ‘ rational accomplishments and ability to analyse recent information. It improves and supports linguistic communication and the presentation accomplishments. It improves the manner of students, treatment and look particularly their express about their thoughts. It improves abilities of comprehension. It helps students to analyse the texts logically. It leads to creativeness, it is non indispensable to acquire new thoughts but to measure these thoughts and how to choose the best 1s peculiarly which related to the undertaking at manus.Critical thought is really of import factor to warrant and reflect our values and determinations. It enables students to use it in day-to-day life.It enables students to be self rating. It makes students have careful contemplations on the good principals of concluding and do a witting attempt to internalise them. It is an of import tool that can take to meta-cognition and Meta- thought accomplishments. The inquiry now is what deduction for learning, in the research, I will seek to concentrate on the of import accomplishments that fit our educational system and suited for the jobs that mentioned before, the first 1 is implicating the critical reading, in this method, the best tow methods that enable us to promote critical reading is to including use Media in the category for illustration, newspapers, , magazines and advertisement these things can assist pupils to develop the accomplishment of critical hearing and reading. The 2nd one is literature aa‚ ¬ † it is said- the most powerful tool for learning thought that is because it gives the students opportunities than any other portion in course of study in measuring the thoughts, values and ethical inquiries, it makes the students interact with the book. The 2nd accomplishment is composing, The best method is to show in two stairss, the first is called, first-order and second-order thought, in the first method, it is a sort of free authorship, unplanned and free association type of heuristic authorship that is for assisting students to detect which subject they think. One of the benefits of this method, it makes students produce interior constructs. The 2nd order is really necessary that followup of free composing to give them opportunities for logic and control. The 3rd measure is classification games.It is really of import because it helps students to believe logically and understand abstract constructs.This accomplishment requires the designation for properties and maintaining into signifiers that is harmonizing to specific regulations. Classify concrete objects is an appropriate activity for kids besides the verbal analogies are fit to a scholar of any age. Application to a broad assortment of environmental objects must be followed. Actually it is really appropriate to the particular topics like Math, scientific discipline and enquiry attack to science but it is rather difficult to use in capa ble like societal surveies. One of the most effectual attacks in learning critical thought is the attack of encephalon storming particularly it will assist the students to entree their anterior cognition about the subject they read so, classify and retain the new information. There are several accomplishments that instructors and parents should make to back up students to be critical minds. The students should understand the logical connexions between thoughts.They should place, concept and evaluate statements. They should observe consistences and common errors in concluding. They should work out jobs consistently. They should place the relevancy and importance of the thoughts. They should be able to reflect on justification of one ‘s ain beliefs and value, Finally, learning accomplishments of critical thought in our schools has become necessary. To dispute the rapid development in our modern universe, students should be rich in critical thought. As the essay offers the definition of critical thought, there are a batch of mental procedures that depend on how to scope heads of students. Teachers should hold the accomplishment of critical thought to be able to better the pupilsaa‚ ¬a„? abilities to believe logically. It is argued that there are a batch of jobs that face the application of critical thought.Researches should happen more solutions and new schemes to installation learning critical thought because it is the manner to creativeness. Creativity that we need to bring forth coevalss, they will be able to get by with the civilsations, struggle.

Advantages of Cooking a Food by Yourself Essay

Foods have important for human’s life. Some people choose prepare food at home, because it’s a save money. In the other hand, some people want to comfortable and save time, they choose eating ready-made meal. But, if you like to take care oneself, I can advise to you about advantages for cooking at home by yourselves. There are three advantages of home cooking; healthy, budget saving and family communicates. First of all, home cooking will make a healthier because you can choose fresh ingredients and high quality for planned menu. If you want diet or take care of eating, you should cook at your house. Such as, food’s material and seasoning for cook, it have label show nutrient information to you. It will help to you calculate volume and control the ingredient. Moreover, if you want to eat vegetarian food, you will be confident for prepare food by yourselves. For some people seriously to process cooking some food. Although, you ordering in high price restaurant, you will not surely them because chef will make a dish in kitchen that you can’t look it. In short, at present, many people see healthy as important, them pay attention to eating and exercise. So, cooking at home is a good choice for you. Second, eating at home is a great to reduce the expenses for daily food. Such as, you spend for once meal at restaurant, it be equal to you cook a two or three meal at home. Moreover, you just to pay rent on your house or apartment, and buy kitchen equipment, you should use kitchen to most benefit. All in all, if you don’t believe me, you can try to calculate how much money you can different to save when you go to restaurant with cooking at home. You will be surprised, it a good ways to save money. Last, in your family, you can use cooking activity for increase communication. Home cooking, is a fun activity when doing it with the other members in your family. For example, you can guide to prepare food for your kids. They can help to you and your children have a nice relationship. Furthermore, you can sit in front of the TV and watch an interesting TV program with family. Finally, having home-cooking at home, they are closer and share some good or bad moments happened that time. So, if you want to add relation for family, it a good reason for started to cook a food in your family. In conclusion, There are three reason support about advantage prepare of food by yourselves. It is a better choice for people who love to take care of health, save budget, and increase family relationship.

Free Essays on Monoplization And Its Implication On A World Scale

The monopolization of the capitalist system is at the base, a degradation, not only of the "free-competition" of the capitalistic (bourgeoises) socio-economic order, it is also, the degradation of the working class and, in fact, the respective systems imminent demise. During the Cold War competition between potential monopolist nations, USA, France, Germany, England and Canada was highly minimized and co-operation was (ironically) encouraged to counter the Soviet threat. Today, with the fall of the pseudo-socialist states in the Eastern block and the subsequent degeneration of such states in Asia, cooperation has been deemed unnecessary and a general neo-imperialistic takeover, a rat race if the reader will bear with me, has been instigated. However, it must be understood before the reader continues, the process unravelling before our eyes today, this disaster, is not a recent occurrence. Some economists and political analysts have dated its"birth" to the start of the Russo-Japanese war and the industrialization of the African colonies (imperialism). This being the case, though imperialism is primarily considered a political phenomenon by bourgeoises economists, socialists have cooked deeper into the matter and "unveiled" the economic character of imperialism and it's apparent contradictions (this will be dealt with later, as well as an overview of the historic contradictions, economic intricacies and ethical realities of imperialism. It should also be stated, that the term monopoly, "monopolization" will be dealt with from the left-wing point of view, as "imperialism"). The two prevalent schools of economic thought, the left wing (socialist) and the right wing (libertarian, "laissez fare" capitalists ...), have entirely different view on the matter of monopolization of capital. While the socialist, especially those of the Marxist persuasion (to which the author belongs), claim that the monopolization of capital is t... Free Essays on Monoplization And Its Implication On A World Scale Free Essays on Monoplization And Its Implication On A World Scale The monopolization of the capitalist system is at the base, a degradation, not only of the "free-competition" of the capitalistic (bourgeoises) socio-economic order, it is also, the degradation of the working class and, in fact, the respective systems imminent demise. During the Cold War competition between potential monopolist nations, USA, France, Germany, England and Canada was highly minimized and co-operation was (ironically) encouraged to counter the Soviet threat. Today, with the fall of the pseudo-socialist states in the Eastern block and the subsequent degeneration of such states in Asia, cooperation has been deemed unnecessary and a general neo-imperialistic takeover, a rat race if the reader will bear with me, has been instigated. However, it must be understood before the reader continues, the process unravelling before our eyes today, this disaster, is not a recent occurrence. Some economists and political analysts have dated its"birth" to the start of the Russo-Japanese war and the industrialization of the African colonies (imperialism). This being the case, though imperialism is primarily considered a political phenomenon by bourgeoises economists, socialists have cooked deeper into the matter and "unveiled" the economic character of imperialism and it's apparent contradictions (this will be dealt with later, as well as an overview of the historic contradictions, economic intricacies and ethical realities of imperialism. It should also be stated, that the term monopoly, "monopolization" will be dealt with from the left-wing point of view, as "imperialism"). The two prevalent schools of economic thought, the left wing (socialist) and the right wing (libertarian, "laissez fare" capitalists ...), have entirely different view on the matter of monopolization of capital. While the socialist, especially those of the Marxist persuasion (to which the author belongs), claim that the monopolization of capital is t...

Technological Convergence in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technological Convergence in Business - Essay Example In addition, it can be observed that one of the majority productive benefits that latest technology has provided in interpersonal and e-communication aspects of business department now is definitely the pace of communication among businesses. Since the time required in initiating and getting communication from diverse business units has lessened during the previous few decades. Thus, this thing just confirms that since latest technology progresses, with the pace of the business communication capabilities having great influence on interpersonal communication aspects (Free Articles Directory., 2011). This paper will discuss how key technological events in the last century have changed the way business communication is done by the businesses. Overview During the previous few years, people’s way of communication has altered extremely. Latest technologies which were on the bounds have turned into adamantly a majority. In this e-communication era the development of the internet tech nology has been contrasted with the discovery of the printing-press with respect to its basic affect on how business information is created, utilized and distributed across the world. In addition, this worldwide system and its connected technologies have had an immense influence on business communications, and, next to this, evolutions in the areas of digital imaging technology, digital information processing and storage, and development computerization have expressed again how businesses communicate at every phase of the development (Moukoko, 2011). Moreover, at the moment in this competitive environment every business (regardless of its nature and size) enjoys some type of web based or online existence, offering their clients access to a strong and unlimited client support. Currently, the United Kingdom invests 30 billion yearly on online businesses. In this scenario, e-commerce structures imply that clients are able to buy products and valuable services by clicking a button, and that the company is able to design an impressive performance of client actions. The entire of these technology based evolutions have modernized business communications approximately further than conviction. These capabilities have enhanced interpersonal skills and electric communication in business infrastructure. Furthermore, to improvise business interpersonal skills and e-communication the technology of social networking is possibly the majority modern exhortation within business communications. At the present, companies know that websites similar to Twitter and Facebook are advertising areas they are able use, as well as that they may perhaps as well utilize these websites for networking purposes in addition to clients’ dealings. Thus, due to massive innovations in technology business communications has altered much, and will persist to act as technology develops (Moukoko, 2011). In this era technology looks to be overexcited because of steady developments. Innovative tec hnologies are being introduced continually, as well as the influence this can have upon the field of business communication is immense. Since technology persists to go ahead, it is imperative to appreciate the implication of technology inside the area of business communication. In the business communication technological convergence brought following innovations: (eHow, 2011; McGrath, 2008; Management Study Guide, 2011) Pace Because technology has developed a

(educatio)culture geography of childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

(educatio)culture geography of childhood - Essay Example onal researchers have mentioned culture and tradition play a vital role in acquisition of values, knowledge, beliefs, behaviours and expectations of a child’s life. Eminent psychological and learning theories such as social constructivism and cognitive theory underlines the significance of social or family interaction in character formation and learning. By Barbara M. Newman, Philip R. Newman remark; â€Å"Vygotsky considered the nature of reasoning and problem solving as culturally created.† (Newman & Newman 2008, p.60). This photographic essay the researcher investigates the role of culture and tradition in a person’s character formation and learning. The selected photograph is about a boy named Aissa from an Algerian Islamic family. The photographic essay reveals a story or evokes a sequence of emotions in the mind of the reader which discuss cultural beliefs and traditions of a child. The first set of the photographs reveals that the boy Aissa is very frankly mingled with his family members and one can easily find his positive attitudes towards his parents. The boy keeps a healthy relationship with his family members. The given image (figure1and 2) also expresses the boy has developed good and excellent personality because he respects all members of his family and his society. Erich Fromm, Michael Maccoby assert;† Village parents are serious about obedience, and they feel that to be playful for or to show enthusiasm about the child at this age would undermine respect.† (Fromm & Maccoby 1996, p.189). The boy in this photograph is a member of a conservative Islamic Algerian family and this picture shows the cultural and religious background of the family. The given photographs help the viewer to reach the idea that the boy has followed and sustained a structured behaviour and it also reveals the characteristics of his culture and tradition which follow the habit of respecting others. Don Tinkler argues that â€Å"Of major importance in the development of

Constructivist theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constructivist theories - Essay Example His main focus has been on the cognitive organization of the knowledge which includes the effect of physical or mental perceptions on individual’s actions. Piagetian theory discusses both the behavioral and cognitive factors that are involved in the child’s development. It states that â€Å"reality is constructed by each individual† (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.17). Ernst von Glasersfeld gave an extension to the constructivism of Jean Piaget and developed the radical constructivism (RC). It focuses on that perception comes through a cognitive self-referential process and is stored in some particular sensory areas in the brain. These perceptions link the experiences with the outside world. The thinking process activates by the experiences that a person goes through, resulting in the formation of knowledge. Thus, events are perceived according to the individual’s interpretation of those events. Hence, RC basically emphasizes upon the fact that â€Å"knowledge is cons tructed from experiences† (Yolles, 2006, p.82-83) rather than by way of senses. Hence, we see that both the theories emphasize upon the fact that â€Å"knowledge is not bestowed upon a passive observer but is constructed by the individual† (Stricker, 1982). This cognitive aspect or the knowledge derived from it is adaptive and makes the individual organize his experiential world (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.18).

Small-Business Preference- FEDERAL CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND Term Paper

Small-Business Preference- FEDERAL CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT - Term Paper Example Under this 23% of all prime government contracts, 5% will have to reach small businesses operated by the disabled, 5% must be given to small businesses operated and managed by women, 3% to small businesses that are operating in HUB Zones (Larence, 2005). HUB Zones are regions which are economically disadvantaged. The Small Business Administration Agency is therefore mandated to implement this policy by the congress. In my case above, there are two main programs operated and managed by the Small Business Administration Agency that can help me in operating, and managing my business organization, and in getting contracts from the federal government (Larence, 2005). One program is referred to as the small disadvantaged business program, commonly abbreviated as SDB. Under this program, a small business can participate in sub-contracting programs of the federal government, or even in the actual process of getting contracts from the federal government. This is beneficial to my organization because it may manage to get prime contracts from the federal government, at the expense of very large firms such as Lockheed Martins (Skrabec, 2012). It is important to denote that some of these contracts that the federal government intends to give to small businesses are lucrative and if given a chance, big organizations such as Lockheed Martin’s will compete for them (March, 2012). For a small business organization to be eligible in this program, it must have the following characteristics (Larence, 2005), The organization under consideration must be owned and managed by a person who is in a disadvantaged position, either economically or socially. This includes all aspects of physical handicap, residing in an area that is economically disadvantaged, or coming from a social group that is socially and economically disadvantaged, such as the blacks, the Hispanics, etc. This people must

The Japan Airlines 123 Flights

The Japan Airlines 123 Flights This report documents the chain of events before, during and after the Japan Airlines 123 Flight, registered under JA8119. It evaluates the cause and effects of the factors before the fateful flight, and connects with the factors during the flight and after the flight, not forgetting, it also offers possible recommendations to improve the safety of the aviation industry. The main cause of the flights death, was very simple, just a very common tailstrike incident which was not repaired to specifications stated by the manufacturer themselves. It was further neglected after passing through a check by the maintenance engineer himself, which should have grounded the airplane. Instead, it went on to fly another 12319 cycles before its life ended on 12th August 1985. During the flights it has gone through, continous cycle loading had caused heavy metal fatigue on the repair and the pressure bulkhead itself. Time after time, it accumulated, the cracks finally nucleated together in the aft pressure bulkhead. It ruptured the tailfin, along with it the heart of the airplane, the Central Hydraulic Unit. It drained the plane of its blood which was the hydraulic fluids that control the primary systems. After losing control, and fighting with it for 32 minutes it crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara in Ueno, Gunma Prefecture, 100 km from Tokyo. Based on research and findings, the aviation industry has improved so far, with the new Boeing maintenance procedures which include more stringent checks on repair patches, with new installation of relief valves. However, to us, it is not enough, we would recommend as well to include newer standards, such that to allow lesser temporary repairs to pass through inspection, filling up the empty space with more part replacements. It may take a longer time, but safety is maintained. Introduction Purpose This report is to document and shed more light on the timeline, chain of events occurring before and after the tragic flight of JA8119. It also includes the revision of aviation standards, and the proposal of ways to increase consumer safety in aviation. Background Information 15 years have passed, and many do not remember the tragic flight of JA8119 on Flight 123. It happened to be the most deadliest single-aircraft accident in aviation history. The final flight also occurred on 12th August 1985 which was the Obon holiday period where the Japanese return to their hometown for visiting their ancestors graves. The victim was a Boeing 747-SR46, which carried 524 passengers on board, for which only 4 survived. It suffered mechanical failures 12 minutes into the flight and 32 minutes later crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara in Ueno, Gunma Prefecture, 100 kilometers from Tokyo. The crash site was on Osutaka Ridge near Mount Osutaka. Up to today, it still remains as the most tragic incident, due to its high number of casualties and the coincidence of the type of tradition also occurring during the period. Due to this, It raised worldwide awareness towards the dangers of aviation, causing the Flight Aviation Authority to revise its maintenance measures, and made the aircraft manufacturer Boeing, to revise its design on all of its infamous 747 platforms. Method of Investigation Information extracted from an episode from National Geographics Air Crash Investigations/May Day Series, Episode 2 Out of Control, reports on Aircraft Safety revisions, an actual blackbox recording of the actual incident, and various documents on the cause and effects of the crash. Scope of Investigation. It is broken down into 3 sections comprising generally the Pre-incident details, which would contain the tailstrike incident which occurred 7 years ago, leading to the analysis improper repairs done, followed by the lax attitude the ground crew took. The second section would the the Incident Details, which will document the chain of events which occurred in the rear pressure bulkhead, comprising of rivet failure, bulkhead failure, explosive decompression, leading to the hydraulic failure and the pilot faults. Followed on lastly by post incident details, documenting the refusal of US military base help from Tokyo, leading to the late rescue efforts which resulted in more deaths, and the lessons learnt from this incident. Lastly, Our own recommendation on what could be further done. Pre Incident Details 2.1 Tailstrike Incident A Boeing 747SR was arriving on 2nd June 1978 at Osaka Airport. The weather in the area was not optimistic at all, with rain that just ended, resulting in extreme heavy fog. The pilot, was in the skies during that period had just been approved to land. Due to low visibility, he could hardly see what was in front, and relied on his instruments as guiding points. By the time, the altitude meter read 100 feet, he had realized that he was too close to the runway. It caused him to deploy the flares very aggressively. It touched down, but due to the extended flares, it gained altitude and increased the angle of attack, which resulted it to land on its empennage on its second touchdown. This is known as a tailstrike incident. Figure 1 Extent of damage on the tail of JA8119 2.2 Botched Repair The tailstrike incident suffered by JA8119, resulted in issues that were not appealing at all. The rear bulkhead had various scratches, but on a closer look, there were cracks, and it was already unacceptable to be approved for flight purposes. However, they had to do a temporary repair on the bulkhead still, and they were not following prescribed steps to do so. Boeing stated in their manual for these procedures: A Continuous doubler plate on the bulkhead itself. Followed on with 3 rows of rivets on each side. This is to reinforce the bulkhead, such like what the objectives of a temporary repair should be. Instead, the licensed engineers of Boeing stationed at the airport did this: Two doubler plates cut out from a huge splice plate Two rows of rivets on one side, Single row of rivets on the other. (Wikipedia, 31 August 2010) Figure 2 The Actual Repair(National Geographic, 2007, Air Crash Investigation[Online],Season 3 Episode 3 Part 4 , Available from: Youtube.com [Accessed 23rd May 2010]) All of this was done by the engineers so that It would fit nicely. Which would later carry a serious consequence of servere failure during flight. 2.3 Metal Fatigue Metal fatigue, described as structural failure caused by consistent cycle loading, which would mean as stressing on part throughout a prolonged continous time. This is inevitably caused by the improvised procedures done by the engineers in Osaka Airport, as stated, in the previous factor. Figure 3 Leftovers of the rear bulkhead after shearing off during flight. (National Geographic, 2007, Air Crash Investigation[Online],Season 3 Episode 3 Part 4 , Available from: Youtube.com [Accessed 23rd May 2010]) Due to the nature of aircraft parts to go through consistent cycle loading, the doubler plate which was done as a patch repair to the rear pressure bulkhead, if done in correctly would result in extreme fatigue. This was exactly what happened. The loss of one row of rivets due to this procedure had caused them to take much higher stress than normal, such that having 2 rows with one row instead of 3 would distribute the load unevenly, causing the material to experience different rates of fatigue, as a result. This would be the main causing factor for the during flight incidents. Negligence of Ground Crew Usually, after a maintenance task has been completed, a senior engineer would do a check on it. This is where partly the fault had fell on. The senior engineer did a check on the splice plate repair on the rear bulkhead shortly after. In the beginning, the engineer did not approve of the repair due to the nature of the plate and the rivet placements, but looking at it as a temporary repair, he signed off declaring the plane of its worthiness. (JST Failure Knowledge Database, August 23, 2006) This would be catastrophic as no matter how minor a repair is, it should be done up to the best standards to avoid accidents. This was not the case. 3 Incident Details 3.1 Riveting Failure The cause of this was via the botched repair that was not done up to manufacturer standards. Figure 4 L18 Stiffener Joint (Dr. Yotarou Hatamura, 2005, JST Failure Knowledge Database[Online], Crash of Japan Airlines B-747 at Mt. Osutaka, Available from: http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/) Refer to Figure 4, this diagram compares the actual repair with the directed repair specified by the manufacturer, Boeing. The first drawing, starting from the left, shows a full doubler plate with 3 rows of rivets intact along a full plate attached to the damaged portion, with a small smount of sealant near the L18 stiffener which do not penetrate the doubler plate. The second drawing, which is the actual repair done, was not up to standard in comparison with the first drawing. It shows a chopped splice plate, which was in two pieces, and riveted with 2 rows of rivets on the bottom, with 1 row on the top. The only major difference would be the higher amount of sealant near the L18 stiffener. Comparing it to the previous drawing, the sealant, penetrated through the splice repair. This increased the stresses taken by the fracture site and the rivets. As illustrated by the drawings, the arrows would mean stress concentration, which had reduced,from two arrows to one. This cause the str ess to be highly concentrated there, multiple-site cracks started to form near the fastener holes. This cause the rivets to be overloaded and finally failed. Aft Bulkhead Failure Once a repair is signed off as complete, it will never be looked at again. Such was the case for the JA8119 after 12319 fight cycles. During flight, the whole plane goes through cycle loading due to the difference in air pressure surrounding it, it may seem insignificant at earlier parts, but the accumulated hard pressure could cause something to fail without maintenance. In this case it was a botched repair. According to the FAA, the one doubler plate which was specified for the job (the FAA calls it a splice plate essentially a patch) was cut into two pieces parallel to the stress crack it was intended to reinforce, to make it fit. The unstable nature of this repair resulted in a 70% decrease in Fatigue Resistance. Due to that fact that it did not properly cover up the fracture of the aft bulkhead, did it worsen and let loose during flight. Figure 5 Aft Pressure Bulkhead of JA8119 on Display(Flight Global, 2010[Online], Available from http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID=12345) Refer to Figure 5. The multiple-cracks that form on the bulkhead follows a similar pattern, which is that they started mostly from the fastener holes, as they tear considerably close to the rivets themselves. In the early years of the repair done, the cracks are small, but through 12300 cycles, they became bigger and eventually joined up. In the analysis report that was signed off, it was said that there were cracks from 30 of the 50 fastener holes of the area of repair, the total length of the cracks of the repair patch was 270mm. Only one reason could explain the huge extent of the cracks, majority of them had extended overtime and eventually joined together, causing catastrophic failures once they became concentrated. It would shatter the pressure bulkhead all together. Explosive Decompression Refer to Fig.5, under high altitude conditions, the aircraft cabin is pressurized to keep the correct amount of oxygen. It is necessary when an airliner reaches high altitudes, because the atmospheric pressure is too low to allow people to absorb sufficient oxygen, causing altitude sickness and eventually hypoxia.(Wikipedia, 24 July 2010) The air pressure difference in high altitudes can be very high, any decompression incident such as a small pinhole in the aircraft skin would produce a large hissing sound which could depressurized a whole cabin in five seconds. The lack of oxygen in the cabin will mean a 25% reduction in oxygen in our lungs, which will cause sluggish thinking, dimmed vision, loss of consciousness and ultimately death. Figure 6 Cabin Pressurisation Process(The Informer-Truth and Travel,2010[Online], Available from: http://informer.truth.travel/media/images/CabinAirGraphic.gif) The aft pressure bulkhead failure caused it to rip apart, allowing hypersonic air to rush into the tail fin which already caused explosive decompression. This eventually blew off a portion of the tail fin which further aggravated cabin decompression in the cabin, considering now that a huge hole had become a void. Hydraulic Failure Figure 7 Cause of loss of tail fin during flight (Dr. Yotarou Hatamura, 2005, JST Failure Knowledge Database[Online], Crash of Japan Airlines B-747 at Mt. Osutaka, Available from: http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/Detail?fn=2id=CB1071008) Hydraulic lines are like the blood vessels of a human being, one snap in any of them, would mean death. As illustrated in Fig.6, the explosive decompression caused hypersonic air to rupture the tail fin and a part of the tail. Severed Hydraulic Lines It also shredded through one of the most important parts of the aircraft, the Central Hydraulic unit which controls the moving of hydraulic fluid to and fro the rudders on the vertical stabilizer and the horizontal stabilizer. Beside them were the important hydraulic lines which also went off along with the Central Hydraulic unit. Loss of Primary Controls Once the hydraulic lines were cut off, the fluid escaped through the openings, which within minutes, the pilot reported difficulties in handling moments before he lost full control, which would mean that the hydraulic lines are now empty. To salvage the situation, the pilots varied their thrust between the engines on the left and the right wing and also they tried putting down the landing gear and the flaps. (National Geographic, 2007, Air Crash Investigation[Online],Season 3 Episode 3 Part 2, Available from: Youtube.com[Accessed 23rd May 2010]) 3.5 Human Error Many were at fault, but we couldnt possibly absolve no one of all blame. They did not put on oxygen masks, no reason was stated why. There was a lot of chaos in the cabin as well. Due to this, they were probably in a state of Hypoxia as they did not do two things: Report fully on the situation. Tried to land in Nagoya Airport which is on a linear path. Refer to Fig 7. Unknowingly, they also allowed the plane to stall in its path, which aggravated its out of control, rising and diving in the skies. This was also an accident that was the first of its kind, which would mean there was no training available for situations like these. Any precautions they had learnt was irrevelant to what they had encountered. Figure 8 Map of JA8119 Flight Path(Christopher Kilroy,2008, Air Disasters[Online], Special Report: Japan Air Lines 123, Available from: Air Disasters.com) Post Incident 4.1 Late Rescue Rescue efforts came only after 14 hours. This was justified when crash victim and survivor, Yumi Ochiai stated:Many more survived the crash, as their screams died down through the night. (National Geographic, 2007, Air Crash Investigation[Online],Season 3 Episode 3 Part 3, Available from: Youtube.com[Accessed 23rd May 2010]) 4.1.1 Refusal of US Military Assistance Yokota US Military Air Base had sent a C-130 to scout. Which they had reported back to have seen the crash site. Shortly after, a US helicopter was sent to the crash site to assist in the rescue effort. Meanwhile, rescue teams have been assembled and were on their way to the site. 4.1.2 Inaccessibility of area As stated, it crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara in Ueno, Gunma Prefecture, 100 kilometers from Tokyo. It was in a mountainous region where roads do not directly lead to the crash site itself at all, and most of the wreckage lay on a downhill slope which meant more caution was taken to access to the site, costing more and more time. Figure 9 Panel of JA8119 lying on a downslope.(Available from: http://otona.yomiuri.co.jp/history/anohi090812.htm) Inclusion of new procedures in guidebook. The FAA consequently issued the following airworthiness directives: AD 85-22-12 which required a one-time visual inspection of the aft side of the aft pressure bulkhead for evidence of repairs or damage. AD 86-08-02, requiring the addition of a structural cover for the opening within the empennage to provide access to the vertical fin of all B747 models. This is to prevent structural failure of the vertical fin in the event of failure of the aft pressure bulkhead. AD 87-12-04 to require installation of a hydraulic fuse in the number 4 hydraulic system on Boeing Model 747 series airplanes. AD 87-23-10 was effective December 10, 1987 and required inspection for damage and cracking of the aft pressure bulkhead on Boeing Model 747 airplanes. This AD was later superseded by AD 98-20-20 which added repetitive inspections AD 98-20-20 was, in turn, superseded by AD 2000-15-08, which requires that a one-time inspection to detect cracking of the upper segment of the bulkhead web be accomplished repetitively, and adds additional repetitive inspections to detect cracking of the upper and lower segments of the aft bulkhead web. (Aviation Safety Network, 11 October 2009) Relief valves were also fitted into the Boeing 747, so that in the case of any dismemberment of the aircraft will not lose all of its hydraulic fluid, still having a high percentage of control of the aircraft. Conclusion Overall, we can see a pattern which in the events happened, ranging from the tailstrike incident in 12th August 1985, which led to a botched repair which sealed the fate of the plane to its imminent death. Lastly, the negligence of the ground crew who did passed the repair even though it wasnt on specifications. Throughout the flight, the plane suffered mechanical difficulties 12 minutes into the flight due to the failing of the rivets, causing the rear pressure bulkhead to rupture, allowing hypersonic speed air into the tail of the plane, inevitably tearing off the top portion of its tail fin, along with it went the Central Hydraulic unit which was the heart of the airplane. They lost all control all together shortly after losing all the hydraulic fluid, and with the case of a depressurized cabin, they suffered from hypoxia which hampered their decision making. 32 minutes later it crashed into two ridges of Mount Takamagahara in Ueno, even though the pilots tried all sorts of manuve urs to salvage the plane from its fate. Rescue efforts were also hampered as the government rejected help from an US airbase for unknown reasons, even though they were already on site. The location also posed a problem, being inaccessible from any road, and being on a downhill slope slowed down emergency services. From this, we can see how serious a molehill can become a mountain in a matter of years. From scratches, they became cracks and tore through an important component. Maintenance was an issue here, as it was slack, even though Boeing had released new inspection and repair procedures 2-3 years after the tragic accident which included 522 lives, have we learnt? Maybe. China Airlines flight 611, crashed on 25th May 2002, which killed all passengers and the crew, coincidently bearing the same few causes such as botch repair, metal fatigue, riveting failure multiple-site damage. This happened 20 years after the procedures were implemented. In the world, there will always be a balance between evil and good, such like this case. It could have been them only the engineers not following procedures, the rest of the countries were. There is only one thing that we can do to prevent all these, is to learn from our mistakes and never to repeat them again. We can never stop these incidences, which i s why prevention is more than enough to keep the industry going until today. Recommendations Looking into the above information collected, the recommendations are: To include more stringent checks on the repair itself such as the creation of a small ultrasonic device to expose any gaps or cheating in the repair procedures Replace parts if damage is far too severe to be repaired. Rather than to do temporary repairs that could put lives at a small risk. Primary Controls to have failsafes as well, instead of having it in the hydraulic pipelines only. One example would be on the 4th of December 1987, Boeing requested fuses to be installed as a secondary safety measure in the primary control hydraulic lines in the case of another prevention measure.

Internship with the Police Department Essay -- Internship Police Depar

Internship with the Police Department Throughout my one hundred and twenty-hour experience with the Gloversville Police Department, I learned many skills, values and the ways of this Police Department. Many of the calls and situations I went to often could relate to a certain theory that I learned in any of my law classes. I would recommend any student majoring in Criminal Justice to try to take an internship with a local law enforcement agency. I am currently signed up for the civil service test for Gloversville Police Department, If I do qualify for the Police I believe that this internship will give me a huge head start. Some experiences that I encountered were DWI'S, Assaults, Traffic Tickets, Domestic Disputes, and going into the bars for ABC checks. The best Dwi I saw was when we pulled over a twenty-nine year old Marine. The officer that I was with wanted to let him go but couldn't because of the condition of the offender. So we cuffed him and brought him to the station. While filling out the report for him we get a call about a kid who was struck at a bar by another man. We asked if he wanted to press charges and he replied with a yes. We went to his house and found out it was a twenty-five year-old who was majoring to be a lawyer. The officer I was with that night knew this kid and thought very low of him because of past incidents. Come to find out the twenty-nine year old we had in custody was the one that had assaulted him earlier in the bar. We told him to come down in the morning and sign to press charges. When we got back to the station the Officer I was with asked him why he didn?t hit hi m harder. It was way to make him laugh and relax. After that we all got talking and it actually did calm him down and I learned that even though someone committed a crime that it doesn?t necessarily mean that person is a bad person. When dealing with assaults I learned that no matter how much you agree with a person or want to believe a person that you cant take sides. To me this was one of the major lessons that I learned in this program. We were dispatched to a call at the Caboose for a fight. When we arrived I saw two younger males and an older male fighting. Immediately I thought that the two younger males were drinking and started a fight with this older man who was walking down the street. To my mistake we found out that the two men were helpi... ... that will hopefully improve my handwriting skills. Besides the writing I feel that most of my skills are good. If I become an Officer myself I believe that these would only improve. If I were to be grading myself on this internship program I would give myself a B. I believe that I would deserve an A but this paper itself is not the certain length required. Through the program I learned a lot of valuable information about police departments themselves and how they work because I was actually there. No teacher could have taught this to any students, its something that they would have to experience themselves and something that I highly recommend to any student who is serious about taking criminal justice. The internship program was one of my best experiences with college. I learned a lot of information dealing with the Police and how they work. I also learned that I want a career in this field. I want a job that is different everyday and I don?t know what?s going to happen day after day. Thank you for creating the opportunity for me to experience what it?s like in a Police Department. I greatly appreciate all the time and effort you put forward for me to do this internship.

Qualites of an Effective Helper Essay

I believe that ill be an effective helper because I am caring trustful honest and open minded. I also know What its like self , family problems I also know the feelings of being unwanted and unloved is so Powerful that its hard to over come. I am motivated by desire to help all types of people work thought their problems no matter how big or little they are. The qualities that I have that will make me an effective helper are that I am a good listener, I am open- minded about all most everything even if I don’t really understand. I am honest and I don’t mind telling the truth to someone even if it hurts their feelings sometimes people need to hear the truth it helps them see it through someone’s else’s eyes, but I also know when to be respectful to other people needs, beliefs and values. I have had some personal problems that I think other people may have, I don’t mind sharing them with a client to show them that I have been down that road in life and with sharing I would hope that it will help our relationship. I don’t like to judge people because at some point in life everyone has had some kinds of problems and I have no right to judge we are all human we all live and learn. I have an happy go lucky presonallalliti so smiling and showing that I care comes easy for me, I have no problem putting myself on the spot to break the ice with a client. I am a patience person, I know that time is the key to help out with the relationship,, I know that it is hard to open up to someone that you think will judge you. I believe that helping a client find forgiveness it the key to most problems and that forgiving ourselves is one of the hardest things to do. I believe that everyone should have respect for all and be understanding, I try to understand everyone’s views, values and beliefs but when it comes to someone that has sexual abuse or killed a child would be really hard for me because I see children as the best gift in life, I don’t understand how any one would want to hurt them in any way. I know that they may have had it done to them . If I had to work with that has done one of those thing I would try really hard to put my feelings aside as best as I could. Nicki Prudhomme

Apollo 13 Communication Plan

A Self Reflection: While working on the communication project, we were fortunate to have had Ron Howard’s â€Å"Apollo 13† movie for reference to comprehend the complexity the team faced upon the incident that befell the mission. Both Gene Kranz (Lead Flight Director and Project Manager) and Jim Lovell (Apollo’s commander) maintained absolute control of a chaotic situation. While the team was becoming intractable, Kranz reigned in by channeling the ideas with â€Å"one at a time people† and asking his engineers to â€Å"quiet down, Let's stay cool, let's work the problem† successfully taming an already chaotic situation through effective communications. In this dire situation, the only possible way to get the astronauts home was through extraordinary teamwork and ingenuity, led by Kranz, who was adamant that â€Å"Failure is not an option. † It was an unprecedented display of resolve, inventiveness and above all an exhibition of the utmost emotional intelligence there is. Awed by the interpersonal skills and assertiveness of Gene Kranz, I reflected back on my own life experiences where I could have been on more solid footings had I been able to control my emotions and use them wisely for a better outcome. This assignment really served as a virtual lab where I repeatedly found myself asking what if it were me in their stead? What would I do? How would I behave? What would I say? And above all would I have what it takes to bring the astronauts back home? This exercise asserted that the need to clearly define roles, responsibilities and objectives, and to communicate them to the stakeholders is paramount. We are, each of us, part of the system. We all serve an equally important role, and objectives cannot be achieved without the contribution of all. Aucoin states in chapter nine â€Å"the projects are all â€Å"right-brain† projects†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One can appreciate the value of this sentence after working the communication exercise, as the inspiration it conveyed was truly boundless. Indeed I will put forward and utilize the right-brain capabilities in my own projects moving forward. Applying those right-brain concepts to the information technology sphere of work would definitely put a positive spin on projects as we often manipulate ideas, concepts, and models before committing to the implementation. We frequently fail because we focus on technology ignoring the communication and collaboration piece and rarely utilize the right-brain concepts that can help us align our technology with the common goal.